修辞手法 · Rhetorical Devices
比喻
比喻
Metaphor / Simile
Comparing one thing to another using 像, 是, 仿佛 etc. to make writing more vivid.
Example 例子
妹妹的脸像苹果一样红润。
拟人
拟人
Personification
Giving human qualities, emotions, or actions to non-human things.
Example 例子
路灯寂寞地站在路边。
排比
排比
Parallel Sentences
3 or more sentences with similar structure in a row, for rhythm and emphasis.
Example 例子
雨树无怨无悔地承受着风吹日晒雨淋，只为给我们一路风景，一程舒适，一生温暖。
描写手法 · Descriptive Techniques
肖像描写
肖像描写
Appearance Description
Describing how a character looks — face, body, clothing, expression.
Keywords 关键词
脸庞、眼神、身材、衣着、神情
行动描写
行动描写
Action Description
Describing a character's physical movements and actions.
Keywords 关键词
走、跑、举起、低头、迅速地
语言描写
语言描写
Dialogue / Speech Description
Describing what a character says — dialogue reveals personality and emotion.
Signal 标志
"……"他说道。她大声喊：" …… "
心理描写
心理描写
Inner Thoughts Description
Describing a character's internal thoughts, feelings, and mental state.
Signal 标志
我心想：…… / 我暗自想道：……
答题格式 Answer Formula:
这段【描写手法】描写有什么作用？
→ 这段描写表现出……（character's quality/emotion）或说明……（what it shows about the story）
这段【描写手法】描写有什么作用？
→ 这段描写表现出……（character's quality/emotion）或说明……（what it shows about the story）
说明方法 · Expository Techniques
列数字
列数字
Use Data / Statistics
Using specific numbers and statistics to make an explanation more precise and convincing.
Signal 标志
每年、共有、超过X个、X%、X公里
举例子
举例子
Give Examples
Providing concrete examples to support an idea or explanation.
Signal 标志
例如、比如、以……为例
打比方
打比方
Use Metaphor (in expository text)
Using a comparison to make a complex concept easier to understand.
Signal 标志
就像、好比、犹如、仿佛
作比较
作比较
Use Comparison
Comparing two things to highlight differences or make a point clearer.
Signal 标志
相比、与……相比、远远超过、不如
说明顺序 · Order of Explanation
时间顺序
时间顺序
Time Sequence
Explaining things in chronological order — from past to present, or present to past.
E.g.以前到现在、现在到以前、70年代到80年代到90年代
空间顺序
空间顺序
Space / Location Sequence
Explaining things by moving through physical space in a systematic direction.
E.g.内到外、远到近、高到低、左到右、上到下、前到后
描写景物特点 · Describing Scenery
Scenery can be described through four aspects: 形态 (form), 色彩 (colour), 声音 (sound), 气味 (smell)
形态
形态 · Form / Shape
例雨树像一把大伞，静静为人们遮阳挡雨。它在蓝天下姿态万千地站出一路风景。
色彩
色彩 · Colour
例当雨树的花季来临时，你可以看到大片粉红的花海。
声音
声音 · Sound
例在清风中，叶子发出沙沙的声响。
气味
气味 · Smell
例在下过雨之后，雨树散发出一种清新的春天的味道。
线索与主题 · Thread & Theme
线索
线索
Recurring Thread
A recurring word, object, or idea that runs through the passage and leads to the theme.
How to find it
Look for a word/object that appears repeatedly throughout the passage.
主题
主题
Theme
The central message or lesson the writer wants to convey through the passage.
How to find it
Usually in the last paragraph — look for 议论句 or 抒情句.
答题格式 · Answer Formula
本文通过 线索 表现出／说明 主题 theme
抒情句 & 议论句
抒情句
抒情句
Emotive Sentence — expressing feelings/emotions
Sentences that directly express emotion or feeling. Usually ends with !
Usually found in the last paragraph, just before 议论句.
Usually found in the last paragraph, just before 议论句.
E.g.好美的花啊！
议论句
议论句
Argumentative / Discussion Sentence — expressing views
Sentences that discuss, comment on, or express a viewpoint about something.
Usually found in the last paragraph, after 抒情句.
Usually found in the last paragraph, after 抒情句.
E.g.其实人与人之间只要多点体谅，少些计较，我们的社会就会更温馨。
记忆小技巧： 抒情句 = Feel it ❤️（感情，以！结尾） · 议论句 = Think it 💭（想法，讨论观点）
小测验 · Mini Quiz
Identify the technique 判断修辞手法
雨树像一把大伞，静静为人们遮阳挡雨。
Identify the technique 判断修辞手法
路灯寂寞地站在路边。
Identify the technique 判断说明方法
新加坡每年产生超过七百万吨垃圾。
Identify the sequence type 判断说明顺序
文章先描述七十年代简陋的组屋，再到八十年代的改善，最后是现在的现代化社区。
Identify the sentence type 判断句子类型
其实只要我们多点体谅，少些计较，我们的社会就会更温馨。